Blog teknis, opini, dan case study oleh Toni Kusnandar — backend, cloud, DevOps, dan AI.https://toni.kusnandar.dev/idhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/aws-secrets-management-secrets-manager-vs-parameter-store/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/aws-secrets-management-secrets-manager-vs-parameter-store/A practical guide to choosing between AWS Secrets Manager and SSM Parameter Store for storing credentials, API keys, and config values in production systems.Mon, 03 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/cicd-pipeline-security-holes/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/cicd-pipeline-security-holes/Five recurring CI/CD security vulnerabilities from real pipeline audits: exposed secrets, overprivileged roles, unverified images, missing approval gates, and poisoned dependencies.Sun, 02 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/from-manual-deploy-to-gitops/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/from-manual-deploy-to-gitops/How to evolve from SSH deploys and manual steps to a full GitOps workflow where Git is the single source of truth for infrastructure and application state.Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/building-rag-system-go-openai/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/building-rag-system-go-openai/A step-by-step tutorial for building a Retrieval-Augmented Generation system in Go using OpenAI embeddings, pgvector for vector storage, and similarity search for context-aware AI responses.Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/ai-integration-backend-engineers-playbook/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/ai-integration-backend-engineers-playbook/A practical guide for backend engineers integrating AI and LLMs into production systems covering architecture patterns, rate limiting, prompt management, RAG, caching, and cost optimization.Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/go-error-handling-patterns-microservices/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/go-error-handling-patterns-microservices/Practical error handling patterns for Go microservices covering custom types, wrapping, propagation across service boundaries, structured logging, and client-facing responses.Wed, 29 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/grpc-vs-rest-when-to-use-which/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/grpc-vs-rest-when-to-use-which/A hands-on comparison of gRPC and REST covering performance benchmarks, code examples, tooling, and a clear framework for choosing between them.Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/production-ready-go-api-guide/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/production-ready-go-api-guide/A comprehensive guide to building production-grade Go APIs with clean architecture, database pooling, graceful shutdown, health checks, and testing strategies.Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/terraform-lessons-40-production-projects/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/terraform-lessons-40-production-projects/Hard-won Terraform lessons covering module strategy, state management, environment separation, secrets handling, drift detection, and anti-patterns from real client codebases.Sun, 26 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/docker-multi-stage-builds-production/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/docker-multi-stage-builds-production/A hands-on tutorial for Docker multi-stage builds covering Go, Node.js, and Java examples with security hardening, caching strategies, and CI/CD integration for production deployments.Sat, 25 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/cicd-github-actions-ecr-ecs-deploy/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/cicd-github-actions-ecr-ecs-deploy/A step-by-step tutorial for building a production CI/CD pipeline with GitHub Actions, ECR, and ECS Fargate using OIDC authentication and blue-green deployments.Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/devops-small-teams-practical-guide/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/devops-small-teams-practical-guide/A practical DevOps playbook for teams of 1-5 engineers covering minimum viable CI/CD, monitoring, infrastructure as code, security, and incident response without dedicated platform engineers.Thu, 23 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/lambda-vs-fargate-vs-app-runner/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/lambda-vs-fargate-vs-app-runner/A detailed comparison of AWS Lambda, ECS Fargate, and App Runner covering cold starts, pricing, scaling, and when to use each for your workload.Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/aws-architecture-patterns-small-teams/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/aws-architecture-patterns-small-teams/A practical decision framework for choosing the right AWS architecture when your team is small and your budget isn't infinite.Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTenhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/800-peserta-1-mentor-gimana-caranya-mastiin-mereka-praktek/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/800-peserta-1-mentor-gimana-caranya-mastiin-mereka-praktek/Cerita gimana gue handle assessment 800+ peserta shortcourse dengan bikin PDF similarity checker pakai TF-IDF dan cosine similarity.Mon, 20 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTidhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/pengalaman-jadi-mentor-shortcourse-ai-for-future-software-engineer/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/pengalaman-jadi-mentor-shortcourse-ai-for-future-software-engineer/Cerita dan insight dari pengalaman ngajar shortcourse AI for Future Software Engineers di Universitas Pamulang, 4 sesi intensif.Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTidhttps://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/kenapa-gue-pilih-ecs-fargate-bukan-kubernetes/https://toni.kusnandar.dev/blog/kenapa-gue-pilih-ecs-fargate-bukan-kubernetes/Perbandingan jujur ECS Fargate vs Kubernetes dari sisi operational cost, complexity, dan kapan masing-masing cocok dipakai.Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTid